the lump with my eyes...i will never have another one. Here are some
others thoughts on the subject of mammograms
The experts speak on mammograms and breast cancer:
Regular mammography of younger women increases their cancer risks.
Analysis of controlled trials over the last decade has shown
consistent increases in breast cancer mortality within a few years
of commencing screening. This confirms evidence of the high
sensitivity of the premenopausal breast, and on cumulative
carcinogenic effects of radiation.
The Politics Of Cancer by Samuel S Epstein MD, page 539
In his book, "Preventing Breast Cancer," Dr. Gofinan says that
breast cancer is the leading cause of death among American women
between the ages of forty-four and fifty-five. Because breast tissue
is highly radiation-sensitive, mammograms can cause cancer. The
danger can be heightened by a woman's genetic makeup, preexisting
benign breast disease, artificial menopause, obesity, and hormonal
imbalance.
Death By Medicine by Gary Null PhD, page 23
"The risk of radiation-induced breast cancer has long been a concern
to mammographers and has driven the efforts to minimize radiation
dose per examination," the panel explained. "Radiation can cause
breast cancer in women, and the risk is proportional to dose. The
younger the woman at the time of exposure, the greater her lifetime
risk for breast cancer.
Under The Influence Modern Medicine by Terry A Rondberg DC, page 122
Furthermore, there is clear evidence that the breast, particularly
in premenopausal women, is highly sensitive to radiation, with
estimates of increased risk of breast cancer of up to 1% for every
rad (radiation absorbed dose) unit of X-ray exposure. This projects
up to a 20% increased cancer risk for a woman who, in the 1970s,
received 10 annual mammograms of an average two rads each. In spite
of this, up to 40% of women over 40 have had mammograms since the
mid-1960s, some annually and some with exposures of 5 to 10 rads in
a single screening from older, high-dose equipment.
The Politics Of Cancer by Samuel S Epstein MD, page 537
No less questionable—or controversial—has been the use of X rays to
detect breast cancer: mammography. The American Cancer Society
initially promoted the procedure as a safe and simple way to detect
breast tumors early and thus allow women to undergo mastectomies
before their cancers had metastasized.
The Cancer Industry by Ralph W Moss, page 23
The American Cancer Society, together with the American College of
Radiologists, has insisted on pursuing largescale mammography
screening programs for breast cancer, including its use in younger
women, even though the NCI and other experts are now agreed that
these are likely to cause more cancers than could possibly be
detected.
The Politics Of Cancer by Samuel S Epstein MD, page 291
A number of "cancer societies" argued, saying the tests — which cost
between $50-200 each - - are a necessity for all women over 40,
despite the fact that radiation from yearly mammograms during ages
40-49 has been estimated to cause one additional breast cancer death
per 10,000 women.
Under The Influence Modern Medicine by Terry A Rondberg DC, page 21
Mammograms Add to Cancer Risk—mammography exposes the breast to
damaging ionizing radiation. John W. Gofman, M.D., Ph.D., an
authority on the health effects of ionizing radiation, spent 30
years studying the effects of low-dose radiation on humans. He
estimates that 75% of breast cancer could be prevented by avoiding
or minimizing exposure to the ionizing radiation from mammography, X
rays, and other medical sources. Other research has shown that,
since mammographic screening was introduced in 1983, the incidence
of a form of breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS),
which represents 12% of all breast cancer cases, has increased by
328%, and 200% of this increase is due to the use of mammography.69
In addition to exposing a woman to harmful radiation, the
mammography procedure may help spread an existing mass of cancer
cells. During a mammogram, considerable pressure must be placed on
the woman's breast, as the breast is squeezed between two flat
plastic surfaces. According to some health practitioners, this
compression could cause existing cancer cells to metastasize from
the breast tissue.
Alternative Medicine by Burton Goldberg, page 588
In fact the benefits of annual screening to women age 40 to 50, who
are now being aggressively recruited, are at best controversial. In
this age group, one in four cancers is missed at each mammography.
Over a decade of pre-menopausal screening, as many as three in 10
women will be mistakenly diagnosed with breast cancer. Moreover,
international studies have shown that routine premenopausal
mammography is associated with increased breast cancer death rates
at older ages. Factors involved include: the high sensitivity of the
premenopausal breast to the cumulative carcinogenic effects of
mammographic X-radiation; the still higher sensitivity to radiation
of women who carry the A-T gene; and the danger that forceful and
often painful compression of the breast during mammography may
rupture small blood vessels and encourage distant spread of
undetected cancers.
The Politics Of Cancer by Samuel S Epstein MD, page 540
Since a mammogram is basically an x-ray (radiation) of the breast, I
do not recommend mammograms to my patients for two reasons: 1) Few
radiologists are able to read mammogams correctly, therefore
limiting their effectiveness. Even the man who developed this
technique stated on national television that only about six
radiologists in the United States could read them correctly. 2) In
addition, each time the breasts are exposed to an x-ray, the risk of
breast cancer increases by 2 percent.
The Hope of Living Cancer Free by Francisco Contreras MD, page 104
Mammography itself is radiation: an X-ray picture of the breast to
detect a potential tumor. Each woman must weigh for herself the
risks and benefits of mammography. As with most carcinogens, there
is a latency period or delay between the time of irradiation and the
occurrence of breast cancer. This delay can vary up to decades for
different people. Response to radiation is especially dramatic in
children. Women who received X-rays of the breast area as children
have shown increased rates of breast cancer as adults. The first
increase is reflected in women younger than thirty-five, who have
early onset breast cancer. But for this exposed group, flourishing
breast cancer rates continue for another forty years or longer.
Eat To Beat Cancer by J Robert Hatherill, page 132
The use of women as guinea pigs is familiar. There is revealing
consistency between the tamoxifen trial and the 1970s trial by the
NCI and American Cancer Society involving high-dose mammography of
some 300,000 women. Not only is there little evidence of
effectiveness of mammography in premeno-pausal women, despite NCI's
assurances no warnings were given of the known high risks of breast
cancer from the excessive X-ray doses then used. There has been no
investigation of the incidence of breast cancer in these high-risk
women. Of related concern is the NCI's continuing insistence on
premeno-pausal mammography, in spite of contrary warnings by the
American College of Physicians and the Canadian Breast Cancer Task
Force and in spite of persisting questions about hazards even at
current low-dose exposures. These problems are compounded by the
NCI's failure to explore safe alternatives, especially
transillumination with infrared light scanning.
The Politics Of Cancer by Samuel S Epstein MD, page 544
High Rate of False Positives—mammography's high rate of false-
positive test results wastes money and creates unnecessary emotional
trauma. A Swedish study of 60,000 women, aged 40-64, who were
screened for breast cancer revealed that of the 726 actually
referred to oncologists for treatment, 70% were found to be cancer
free. According to The Lancet, of the 5% of mammograms that suggest
further testing, up to 93% are false positives. The Lancet report
further noted that because the great majority of positive screenings
are false positives, these inaccurate results lead to many
unnecessary biopsies and other invasive surgical procedures. In
fact, 70% to 80% of all positive mammograms do not, on biopsy, show
any presence of cancer.71 According to some estimates, 90% of
these "callbacks" result from unclear readings due to dense
overlying breast tissue.72
Alternative Medicine by Burton Goldberg, page 588
"Radiation-related breast cancers occur at least 10 years after
exposure," continued the panel. "Radiation from yearly mammograms
during ages 40-49 has been estimated to cause one additional breast
cancer death per 10,000 women."
Under The Influence Modern Medicine by Terry A Rondberg DC, page 122
According to the National Cancer Institute, there is a high rate of
missed tumors in women ages 40-49 which results in 40% false
negative test results. Breast tissue in younger women is denser,
which makes it more difficult to detect tumours, so tumours grow
more quickly in younger women, and tumours may develop between
screenings. Because there is no reduction in mortality from breast
cancer as a direct result of early mammogram, it is recommended that
women under fifty avoid screening mammograms although the American
Cancer Society still recommends a mammogram every two years for
women age 40-49. Dr. Love states, "We know that mammography works
and will be a lifesaving tool for at least 30%."
Treating Cancer With Herbs by Michael Tierra ND, page 467
Equivocal mammogram results lead to unnecessary surgery, and the
accuracy rate of mammograms is poor. According to the National
Cancer Institute (NCI), in women ages 40-49, there is a high rate
of "missed tumors," resulting in 40% false-negative mammogram
results. Breast tissue in younger women is denser, which makes it
more difficult to detect tumors, and tumors grow more quickly in
younger women, so cancer may develop between screenings.
Alternative Medicine by Burton Goldberg, page 973
Even worse, spokespeople for the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
admit that mammograms miss 25 percent of malignant tumors in women
in their 40s (and 10 percent in older women). In fact, one
Australian study found that more than half of the breast cancers in
younger women are not detectable by mammograms.
Underground Cures by Health Sciences Institute, page 42
Whatever you may be told, refuse routine mammograms to detect early
breast cancer, especially if you are premenopausal. The X-rays may
actually increase your chances of getting cancer. If you are older,
and there are strong reasons to suspect that you may have breast
cancer, the risks may be worthwhile. Very few circumstances, if any,
should persuade you to have X-rays taken if you are pregnant. The
future risks of leukaemia to your unborn child, not to mention birth
defects, are just not worth it.
The Politics Of Cancer by Samuel S Epstein MD, page 305
Other medical research has shown that the incidence of a form of
breast cancer known as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which
accounts for 12% of all breast cancer cases, increased by 328% — and
200% of this increase is due to the use of mammography!
Under The Influence Modern Medicine by Terry A Rondberg DC, page 123
As the controversy heated up in 1976, it was revealed that the
hundreds of thousands of women enrolled in the program were never
told the risk they faced from the procedure (ibid.). Young women
faced the greatest danger. In the thirty-five- to fifty-year-old age
group, each mammogram increased the subject's chance of contracting
breast cancer by 1 percent, according to Dr. Frank Rauscher, then
director of the National Cancer Institute (New York Times, August
23, 1976).
The Cancer Industry by Ralph W Moss, page 24
Because there is no reduction in mortality from breast cancer as a
direct result of early mammograms, it is recommended that women
under 50 avoid screening mammograms, although the American Cancer
Society is still recommending a mammogram every two years for women
ages 40-49. The NCI recommends that, after age 35, women perform
monthly breast self-exams. For women over 50, many doctors still
advocate mammograms. However, breast self-exams and safer, more
accurate technologies such as thermography should be strongly
considered as options to mammography.
Alternative Medicine by Burton Goldberg, page 973
In the midst of the debate, Kodak took out full-page ads in
scientific journals entitled "About breast cancer and X-rays: A
hopeful message from industry on a sober topic" (see Science, July
2, 1976). Kodak is a major manufacturer of mammography film.
The Cancer Industry by Ralph W Moss, page 24
The largest and most credible study ever done to evaluate the impact
of routine mammography on survival has concluded that routine
mammograms do significantly reduce deaths from breast cancer.
Scientists in the United States, Sweden, Britain, and Taiwan
compared the number of deaths from breast cancer diagnosed in the 20
years before mammogram screening became available with the number in
the 20 years after its introduction. The research was based on the
histories and treatment of 210,000 Swedish women ages 20 to 69. The
researchers found that death from breast cancer dropped 44 percent
in women who had routine mammography. Among those who refused
mammograms during this time period there was only a 16 percent
reduction in death from this disease (presumably the decrease was
due to better treatment of the malignancy).
Dr Isadore Rosenfeld's Breakthrough Health By Isadore Rosenfeld MD,
page 47
In 1993—seventeen years after the first pilot study—the biochemist
Mary Wolff and her colleagues conducted the first carefully
designed, major study on this issue. They analyzed DDE and PCB
levels in the stored blood specimens of 14,290 New York City women
who had attended a mammography screening clinic. Within six months,
fifty-eight of these women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Wolff
matched each of these fifty-eight women to control subjects—women
without cancer but of the same age, same menstrual status, and so on—
who had also visited the clinic. The blood samples of the women with
breast cancer were then compared to their cancer-free counterparts.
Living Downstream by Sandra Steingraber PhD, page 12
One reason may be that mammograms actually increase mortality. In
fact numerous studies to date have shown that among the under-50s,
more women die from breast cancer among screened groups than among
those not given mammograms. The results of the Canadian National
Breast Cancer Screening Trial published in 1993, after a screen of
50,000 women between 40-49, showed that more tumors were detected in
the screened group, but not only were no lives saved but 36 percent
more women died from
The Cancer Handbook by Lynne McTaggart, page 57
One Canadian study found a 52 percent increase in breast cancer
mortality in young women given annual mammograms, a procedure whose
stated purpose is to prevent cancer. Despite evidence of the link
between cancer and radiation exposure to women from mammography, the
American Cancer Society has promoted the practice without
reservation. Five radiologists have served as ACS presidents.53
When Healing Becomes A Crime by Kenny Ausubel, page 233
Premenopausal women carrying the A-T gene, about 1.5 percent of
women, are more radiation sensitive and at higher cancer risk from
mammography. It has been estimated that up to 10,000 breast cancer
cases each year are due to mammography of A-T carriers.
The Politics Of Cancer by Samuel S Epstein MD, page 539
A study reported that mammography combined with physical exams found
3,500 cancers, 42 percent of which could not be detected by physical
exam. However, 31 percent of the tumors were noninfiltrating cancer.
Since the course of breast cancer is long, the time difference in
cancer detected through mammography may not be a benefit in terms of
survival.
Woman's Encyclopedia Of Natural Healing by Dr Gary Null, page 86
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists also has
called for more mammograms among women over 50. However, constant
screening still can miss breast cancer. mammograms are at their
poorest in detecting breast cancer when the woman is under 50.
The Cancer Handbook by Lynne McTaggart, page 53
Despite its shortcomings, every woman between the ages of fifty and
sixty-nine should have one every year. I also recommend them
annually for women over seventy, even though early detection isn't
as important for the slow-growing form of breast cancer they tend to
get. One mammogram should probably be taken at age forty to
establish a baseline, but how often women should have them after
that is debatable. Some authorities favor annual screening. Others
feel there's not enough evidence to support screening at all before
fifty. Still others believe that every two years is sufficient. I
lean toward having individual women and their doctors go over the
pros and cons and make their own decisions. Finally, a mammogram is
appropriate at any age if a lump has been detected.
The Longevity Code By Zorba Paster MD, page 234 For breast cancer,
thermography offers a very early warning system, often able to
pinpoint a cancer process five years before it would be detectable
by mammography. Most breast tumors have been growing slowly for up
to 20 years before they are found by typical diagnostic techniques.
Thermography can detect cancers when they are at a minute physical
stage of development, when it is still relatively easy to halt and
reverse the progression of the cancer. No rays of any kind enter the
patient's body; there is no pain or compressing of the breasts as in
a mammogram. While mammography tends to lose effectiveness with
dense breast tissue, thermography is not dependent upon tissue
densities.
Alternative Medicine by Burton Goldberg, page 587
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